Schools of Psychology

Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis school studies the influence of conscious and unconscious mind on behavior. 

Key words: conscious, unconscious, identity, ego, superego

Key persons: Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung (Analytic psychology)

Behaviorism

All behavior can be explained by environmental causes rather than by internal forces.

Key words: Observable behavior, classical conditioning, operant conditioning.

Key persons: John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B. F. Skinner

Humanistic Psychology

Arisen in answer to Psychoanalysis and Behaviorism, humanistic psychology helps the client gain the belief that all people are inherently good.

Key words: Personal growth, self-actualization, individual free will. 

Key persons: Abraham Maslow, Carl Roger

Cognitive Psychology

Three basic assumptions: Mediational processes occur between stimulus and response. Psychology should be seen as a science. Humans are information processors. (source)

Key words: Neuroscience, information processor, memory, perception, attention.

Key persons: Ulric Neisser

Other schools of psychology: 

• Structuralism
• Functionalism
• Gestalt Psychology