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Characterological Structure   Passion: Anger Resentment at failure to meet their perfectionistic standards, vehement "righteous indignation", largely unexpressed hatefulness. Standing against reality.   Fixation: Perfectionism The compensation for an i...

Quick links: Recent Updates | Wiki guidelines | FAQs (How do I become an editor) | Templates | Test page Typology Starterpack MBTI and Cognitive Functions History and Development Show all[summary] History and Development of Cognitive Functions & MBTI  J...

Callouts Callouts are used on the top of a page to indicate the page status: How to add callouts: Click Formats > Callouts to add them This article may have been copied and pasted from another location. This article has been reviewed and is now locked Thi...

What to write Beginner-friendly typology content that can help improve the quality of consensus vote on PDB. Different opinions on controversial topics. Advanced typology content for people who wish to learn more about typology. Other content of value to...

Tests It is a popular assertion on PDB that Four Letter tests are much less reliable than alternative methods of deducing one's Four Letter type. Is there a solid basis to this claim or is it merely an unexamined communal belief? A kind of "received wisdom"? ...

From PDB Discussion Boards.  First in order to understand the difference we need to differentiate Introversion and Extroversion in cognitive functions. (I promise this is relevant to understand Fe/Fi; please keep reading.) Introversion is subjective and re...

From PDB Discussion Boards. Ti makes reason/logic-based judgements using personal, subjective measures as a basis. it finds the most fulfillment in acting according to a logical system which applies to oneself and their context, i.e. what works for me. Te ...

Irrational Irrationality refers to that which accords with randomity. As I make use of this term it does not denote something contrary to reason, but something outside the province of reason, whose essence, therefore, is not established by reason. Elementa...

From PDB Discussion Boards.  Si: Personalised attachment to the object. How it reminds us of a life that has been imprinted in the object. How the object is part of someone's life. It is determined through the personal sense of how the object stimulates the...

Rational Rationality refers to that which accords with criteria. The rational is the reasonable, that which accords with reason. I conceive reason as an attitude whose principle is to shape thought, feeling, and action in accordance with objective values. ...

From PDB Discussion Boards Jungian Definitions & Socionics Definitions Comparison [short version] Ni as a Jungian cognitive function gains a singular prophetic vision by peering behind the scene to holistically examine the underlying essence, archetypes ...

Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis school studies the influence of conscious and unconscious mind on behavior.  Key words: conscious, unconscious, identity, ego, superego Key persons: Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung (Analytic psychology)   Behaviorism All behavior...

This article is an excerpt from Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2004). Perspectives on personality (7th ed.). Pearson Education, Inc. What is Personality? Personality is a dynamic organization, inside the person, of psychophysical systems that create the pe...

Professional opinion on MBTI is divided. On one hand, there are modern psychometrics criticize MBTI for its low reliability and validity and prefer assessments like the Big 5. However, there are also Jungian scholars who acknowledge MBTI's value and think it c...

“Grip” experiences are when the various personality types bypass all their dominant functions and fall into “the grip” of their inferior function. This radically changes their behavior and make them appear a completely different type altogether. https://funky...

Introduction How other systems combine with one another is a controversial subject in typology, especially when it comes to Enneagram and MBTI. How many interpret it is that every combination of a types from each system (example being, INFP Enneagram 4, ESTP ...

This page is unfinished - add alternate perspectives on this topic MBTI Perspective: It's Possible Cognitive functions - literally functions that happen within the brain - are what makes up MBTI. An analogy to this would be right or left handedness; there's...

According to W. Harold Grant "At the age of twelve, the time of puberty which many religious traditions and sociological views have recognized as significant and apt for ritual "passage," the child crossing the threshold into adolescence will, so to speak, ...